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Introduction–First Iteration Summary Introduction In the late twentieth century, the field of biotechnology and genetic engineering has positioned itself to become one of the great technological revolutions of human history. Yet, things changed when Herber Boyer, a biochemist at the University of California, founded the company Genentech in 1976 to exploit the commercial potential of his research. Since then the field has exploded into a global amalgam of private research firms developing frivolous, profit-hungry products, such as square trees tailor-made for lumber, without any sort of government regulation. The appearance of a company like International Genetic Technologies, then should come as no surprise. InGen, as the company is informally known, apparently was the instigator of some sort of "incident," and filed for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection in 1989. The proceedings drew little publicity, but certain parties involved were amenable to discussing the events that transpired on a remote island off the shores of Costa Rica... Prologue: The Bite of the Raptor Roberta "Bobbie" Carter, a doctor working in a medical center in Bahia Anasco, Costa Rica, is on duty one stormy night with her paramedic, Manuel. An "InGen Construction" helicopter lands nearby and a red-haired man named Ed Regis brings in a man who he claims was injured in a construction accident. Bobbie suggests Regis bring the patient, a young man around eighteen years old, to San Josà ©, the nearby capital city where better facilities are available. Regis resists, claiming the helicopter cannot make it any further in the bad weather. Bobbie looks at the boy's injuries, tear-like lacerations across his torso and thigh, and is skeptical they were really caused by construction equipment. She asks Regis to leave and takes a few photographs of the injuries, then the boy wakes up whispering, "Lo sa raptor." Manuel is obviously distressed by the slippery, foul-smelling foam they have found on the boy's cuts and by the boy's eerie "raptor" statement. Nonetheless, Manuel claims he does not know what the phrase means. As the boy continues to whisper, Manuel states that the boy has been bitten by one of the raptors or "hupia"—ghosts who, according to a local superstition, live in the islands offshore and kidnap children. The boy suddenly sits up, vomits blood and falls to the floor, convulsing. He is dead. Curious about the word "raptor," Bobbie looks it up in a Spanish dictionary and finds that it means "abductor." She also looks it up in an English dictionary, which says that it means "bird of prey.

The Principal Crusades

The Crusades were a series of Holy Wars launched by the Christian states of Europe against the Saracens and the rescuing of holy places of Palestine from the hands of the Mohammedans. (Alchin 1) There were eight Crusades in number; the first four were sometimes called the Principal Crusades, and the remaining four were the called the Minor Crusades. (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades, however, were considered to be the most important. (Alchin 1) The Principal Crusades started because of key people or key events, which led to affect history.Every crusade contained key people, which helped spark the crusades, or contained key leaders that were important in conquering them. The first impulse to the Crusade came from an appeal of the eastern emperor, Michael VII to Pope Gregory VII for aid against the Seljuks. (Walker 2) Alexius I, a stronger ruler tan him immediate predecessors in Constantinople, saw the divisive squabbles among the Seljuk chieftain as an opportunity to take the offensiv e. (Walker 2) He, therefore, appealed to Pope Urban II for assistance in raising a body of western knights to help him recover his lost Asiatic provinces. Walker 2) Urban called on all Christendom to take part in the work, promising a complete remission of sins to those who would take the arduous journey. (Walker 2) The leaders of the first Crusade included some of the most distinguished representatives of European knighthood. (Alchin 2) Count Raymond of Toulouse headed a band of volunteers from a Province in southern France. (Alchin 2) Godfrey of Bouillon and his brother Baldwin commanded a force of French and Germans from the Rhinelands. (Alchin 2) Normandy sent Robert, William the Conqueror's eldest son. Waring 167) The Normans from Italy and Sicily were led by Bohemond, a son of Robert Guiscard, and his nephew Tancred. (Alchin 2) All of these men were key leaders in the first Crusade. In 1145, Pope Eugenius III proclaimed a new crusade and in 1147 the second crusade set forth, b ut it showed little of the fiery enthusiasm which the first crusade possessed. (Walker 4) The contagion of the holy enthusiasm seized not only barons, knights, and the common people, but kings and emperors were now infected with the sacred frenzy. (Alchin 11) The key leaders of the second crusade were two monarchs, Louis VII of France and Conrad III of Germany. Alchin 11) Conrad III, emperor of Germany, was persuaded to leave the affairs of his distracted empire in the hands of God, and consecrate himself to the defense of the sepulcher of Christ. (Buddy 11) Louis VII. , king of France, was led to undertake the crusade through remorse for an act of great cruelty that he had perpetrated upon some of his revolted subjects. (Alchin 11) The key men of the third crusade were both distinct leaders. King Richard I of England, who was later given the title the â€Å"Lion-hearted†, was the central figure among the Christians knights of this crusade. Alchin 16) The other was Saladin, c hief of the Mohammedans, who was not lacking in any of those knightly virtues with which the writers of the time invested the character of the English hero. (Alchin 20) At one time, when Richard was sick with a fever, Saladin, knowing that he was poorly supplied with delicacies, sent him a gift of the choicest fruits of the land. (Alchin 20) On another occasion, Richard's horse having been killed in battle, the sultan caused a fine Arabian steed to be led to the Christian camp as a present for his rival. Alchin 20) For two years Richard the Lion-hearted vainly contended in almost daily combat with his generous antagonist for the possession of the tomb of Christ. (Alchin 20) Both of these men contributed to the third crusade. The fourth Crusade was authored by only one person, and that person only had one goal. The young, enthusiastic and ambitious Pope Innocent III sought once more to unite the force of Christendom against Islam. (Cairns 216) No emperor or king answered his summons, but a number of knights took the crusader’s vow. Alchin 24) None of the Crusades, after the Third, effected much in the Holy Land; either their force was spent before reaching it, or they were diverted from their purpose by different objects and ambitions. (Alchin 24) All of these key figures helped spark the Principal Crusades. The results from the key events were the end of the Principal Crusades. These events that follow helped the Christians prevail over the Muslims. Godfrey of Bouillon, Duke of Lorraine, and Tancred lead an expedition to recapture Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The expedition numbered about seven hundred thousand men, of which one hundred thousand were called knights. Alchin 5) The crusaders traversed Europe by different routes and reassembled at Constantinople. (Alchin 5) Crossing the Bosphorus, they first captured Nicaea, the Turkish capital, in Bithynia, and then set out across Asia Minor for Syria. (Alchin 5) Arriving at Antioch, the survivors captured that place, and then, after some delays, pushed on towards Jerusalem. (Alchin 5) The Siege of Antioch had lasted from  October 1097 to June 1098. (Alchin 5) Reduced now to perhaps one-fourth of their original numbers, the crusaders advanced slowly to the city which formed the goal of all their efforts, Jerusalem. Alchin 6) When the Crusaders were in full view of the Holy City, a perfect delirium of joy seized the crusaders. (Alchin 6) They embraced one another with tears of joy, and even embraced and kissed the ground on which they stood. (Alchin 6) As they passed on, they took off their shoes, and marched with uncovered heads and bare feet before attacking it. (Alchin 6) Then the grand assault came. The first assault made by the Christians upon the walls of the city was repulsed; but the second was successful, and the city was in the hands of the crusaders by July 1099. Alchin 7) Once inside the city, the crusaders massacred their enemies without mercy. (Alchin 7) The fall and massacr e of the city of Edessa sparked the second crusade. In the year 1146, the city of Edessa, the bulwark of the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem on the side towards Mesopotamia, was taken by the Turks, and the entire population was slaughtered, or sold into slavery. (Alchin 9) This disaster threw the entire West into a state of the greatest alarm, lest the little Christian state and all the holy places should again fall into the hands of the infidels. Alchin 9) The second crusade, though begun under the most favorable auspices, had an unhappy ending. (Alchin 12) Of the great host that set out from Europe, only a few thousands escaped annihilation in Asia Minor at the hands of the Turks. (Alchin 12) Louis and Conrad, with the remnants of their armies, made a joint attack on Damascus, but had to raise the siege after a few days. (Alchin 12) This closed the second crusade. The capture of Jerusalem by Saladin stimulated the third crusade. Having made himself sultan of Egypt, Saladin united the M oslems of Syria under his sway and then advanced against the Latin  Kingdom of Jerusalem. Alchin 14) The Christians met him in a great battle near the lake of Galilee. (Alchin 14) It ended in the rout of their army and the capture of their king. (Alchin 14) Saladin quickly reaped the fruits of victory. (Alchin 14) The Christian cities of Syria opened their gates to him, and at last Jerusalem itself surrendered after a short siege. (Alchin 14) The news of the taking of Jerusalem spread consternation throughout western Christendom. (Alchin 15) The cry for another crusade arose on all sides. (Alchin 15) Once more thousands of men sewed the cross in gold, or silk, or cloth upon their garments and set out for the Holy Land. Alchin 15) When the three greatest rulers of Europe, King Philip Augustus of France, King Richard I of England, and the German emperor, Frederick Barbarossa heard about the catastrophe; they set out, each at the head of a large army, for the recovery of the Holy Cit y of Jerusalem. (Walker 5) Thus the third crusade began. The crusaders of the fourth expedition captured Constantinople instead of Jerusalem. The crusaders took Constantinople by storm. (Alchin 26) No infidels could have been treated in a worse fashion than this home of ancient civilization. Alchin 26) They burned down a great part of it; they slaughtered the inhabitants; they wantonly destroyed monuments, statues, paintings, and manuscripts—the accumulation of a thousand years—and carried away much of the movable wealth. (Alchin 26) Never had there been such plunder since the world began. (Alchin 26) The results of these events played important roles in the Principal Crusades. The effect of the Principal Crusades had historical implications on society. At the recapturing of Jerusalem of the first crusade, a terrible slaughter of the infidels took place. Alchin 7) For seven days the carnage went on, at the end of it, scarcely any of the Moslem faith was left alive. (Al chin 7) The Christians took possession of the houses and property of the infidels, each soldier having a right to that which he had first seized and placed his mark upon. (Alchin 7) All of this was the affect of the first crusade. At the retreating from the siege of Damascus of the second crusade, the strength of both the French and the German division of the expedition was wasted in Asia Minor, and the crusade accomplished nothing. (Alchin 12) Thus was the end of the second Crusade.In the third crusade, although Richard was unsuccessful in recapturing Jerusalem, he did get Saladin to agree to give pilgrims free access to the city without paying tribute. (Cairns 214) After the truce, Richard set sail for England, and with his departure from the Holy Land the third crusade came to an end. (Cairns 214) Thus was the end of the third crusade. Although the crusaders of the fourth crusade had plundered from the sack of Constantinople, it had a negative effect. Constantinople declined in s trength and could no longer cope with the barbarians menacing it. (Alchin 28) Two centuries later the city fell easily to the Turks. Alchin 28) Their greed and lust for power turned the fourth crusade into a political adventure. (Alchin 28) Thus was the ending of the fourth crusade. These were the historical affects of the Principal Crusades. The trigger of the Principal Crusades was from the emulation of key leaders and the stimulation of key events, which both had negative and positive effects on history. The crusades were great military expeditions undertaken by the Christian nations of Europe. There purpose, to take back former Christian nations from pagans and to restore Christianity throughout them. Works CitedAlchin, Linda. â€Å"The Crusades. † Middle Ages. N. S. , 16 July 2006. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. < http://www. middle-ages. org. uk/the-crusades. htm> Buddy. â€Å"A Brief History of the Crusades. † My Discipleship Journal (2010). Print. Cairns, Earl. Christianity through the Centuries: a History of the Christian Church. Grand Rapids: Zondervan, 1996. Print. Walker. â€Å"The Crusades. † Theology Website. N. S. , 1997. Web. 3 Mar. 2011. < http://theologywebsite. com/ history/crusades. shtml>. Waring, Diana. Romans, Reformers, and Revolutionaries. Petersburg: Thomas Nelson Publishers, Inc. , 2008. Print.

Essay Sample about My Mistakes

Essay about my wrongdoings and mistakes Have you ever been involved in some serious wrongdoing? What lesson did you learn from the experience? Highway to Death Making mistakes is a natural part of life, since learning from them helps us to progress. My love for speed started while I was a young girl. I enjoyed watching car races and was fond of playing car speeding games, unlike other girls my age who had a passion for dolls. When my dad noticed my interest, he would take me to the rally competition each year. Five months after my dad’s funeral, I decided to take his 504 Peugeot for a ride. After I had done about 3 miles from home, I pressed on the gas pedal to the far end, shifting gears at an interval of 5 seconds. For a while it felt awesome, but I was starting to get scared, and when the speed approached the 87 mph mark, I could see a grave sign blinking on the dashboard. A dark cloud covered the sky, and for seconds there was a pin drop silence. I drove past a red light at a crossroad, and from the passenger window I could see a trailer driving towards me. My head hit hard on the steering wheel and the shards of broken glass spewed in all direction. From a distance, I could hear the ambulance siren and a male voice that kept repeating the words â€Å"you are going to be alright, hold on, we are almost there†. My whole body was numb, and at some point I thought was dying. Yes, I still love fast cars and cool stunts performed by great drivers, but I chose to be on the spectator side of it all. I fully recovered after 15 months, but I will never forget that deadly ordeal that almost took my life. Observing speed limits and traffic lights have become a compulsory routine to my driving.

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Arranged Marriage vs Love Marriage - 1619 Words

Argumentative Essay Arranged Marriage Vs Love Marriage Marriage is a relationship that bind of a spouse in formal event and registered by law as to declare a husband and wife. Marriage is key to form a family into larger as a basic unit in social system. Marriage also bind of the emotional relationship where both spouse are sharing their life together as to form a family. It is the joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but unfortunately in a real life is increasingly end up by a divorce. As to discuss about the topic above, it depends on the national tradition and religion custom. In most, though not all primitive societies are practicing the marriage as to decide who is the best for their children, or†¦show more content†¦The relationship is already built up before marriage. They might be coupled for many years and perhaps from the same secondary school previously. So, when they get married, there is nothing much to discover. There is nothing much to share and discuss about. They have already spent many years together before marriage. Hence, there is nothing different with the life after marriage. This is why most of the love marriage seems to be fragile. Notwithstanding, arranged marriage is the best option because life after marriage is a journey to get know each other and discover something new. It may be like roller coaster at the beginning of the marriage, but frankly it getting more interesting. Just like riding a roller coaster, you ve never ridden before, you can t know what it really feels like until you ride it on and then you’ll absolutely enjoy it. Arranged marriage has a strong family support, where the bound between both families is strong enough to defend the marriage until the end of life. Both spouse family have already decided and accept them into their family, so there will be less problems occurs in the future. Compared to the love marriage, sometimes it seems not fair between both family when they have to make a decision. Moreover, arranged marriag e got the psychological support from people around them, they tend to be less pressure after marriage because most of the people surround them are supporting the marriage. This can prevent themShow MoreRelatedLove Marriage vs Arranged Marriage!635 Words   |  3 Pagesplayed a vital role in changing the perception of the Indian mind. Love marriage is supposed to provide freedom and more independence as compared to arranged marriages where the girl/boy is chosen by the parents. The usual question of love marriage voters against arranged one is that how can anyone marry the person whom they don’t know? Amid popular love lore like Soni Mahiwal, India always had a long tradition of arranged marriages. With the advent of the British and the subsequent introductionRead MoreEssay on Love vs. Arranged Marriage1699 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage has been described as one of the oldest and most enduring human institutions however the reasons for marrying have varied extensively from period to period and culture to culture. In many cases marrying was predominantly an economic decision which determined the suitor that the family could find for the daughter. In some cultures a mans wealth was based on the size of his harem or the number of spouses that he maintained while in other cultures a young womans family was expected to giveRead MoreArranged Marriages Should Not Be Lawful1128 Words   |  5 Pageshealth, to love and to cherish, until we are parted by death. This is my solemn vow.† In an arranged marriage, two complete strangers come together by family, religion, or ethics to bec ome spouses. Stating these meaning packed words, the two vow lives to one another while barely knowing the other. Yet, that is whom the parents have chosen, so that is whom the person must wed. When this takes place self-choice becomes eliminated and God-given rights become invisible. Arranged marriages should notRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1026 Words   |  5 Pagestime arranged marriages were the norm in several societies. In the comedy, A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, Hermia is in love with Lysander, but her father wants her to marry Demetrius. She escapes into the woods with Lysander. Just like Hermia, many people around the world are forced to marry someone that their parents choose for them. Love marriage vs. Arranged marriage is always a debated topic. While there are instances of love marriages working out, there are arranged marriagesRead MoreThe Immigrant Advantage By Claudia Kolker878 Words   |  4 Pagescultural tr adition of arranged marriages brought by South Asian immigrants to the United States. Kolker agrues that arranged marriages are much more effective in finding a spouse than traditional marriages. Kolker believes that this tradition of assistive marriage should be adopted by Americans. Research and studies have shown that â€Å"women in arranged marriages rated the highest marital status† (Kolker, 71) compared to couples who have arranged marriages. Arranged marriage is great for individualsRead MoreArranged Marriage vs. Free-choice Marriage Faizan Sadiq1614 Words   |  7 PagesArranged Marriage vs. Free-choice MarriageHappy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry (Tom Mullen, 2005, p.1). It is argued that free-choice marriages based on love or romance, offer more independence and freedom as compared to arranged marriages where the man and woman are chosen by the parents and so there is pressure and is not so suitable and independent. However, no marriage is necessarily an ideal sort of marriage. Therefore, it becomesRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1349 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous depictions of love and romance. In his play, one of the most apparent perspectives of love is that genuine love is a force so powerful, that it can not be imitated, replicated or enforced. One of the most profound examples of forced love in the play is exhibited through the relationship between Hermia and Demetrius, two Athenians who are being forced to be married by Hermia’s father, Egeus. In their relationship, only one of the parties is consenting to this arranged marriage: Demetrius. AlthoughRead More Arranged Marriages Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Arranged Marriages What is an arranged marriage? Well in the Webster’s dictionary it is defined as a marriage where the marital partners are chosen by others based on considerations other than the pre-existing mutual attraction of the partners. This habit has been very common in noble families, especially in reigning ones, at the scope of combining and perhaps enforcing the respective strengths of originary families (and kingdoms) of the spouses. A relevant part of history has been influencedRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdid not want her to go to school. He wanted her to find a nice Greek man and make Greek babies. Eventually Toula was able to go to school and she began to have a more positive outlook on life. One day she met a man, Ian Miller, who she soon fell in love with. They soon decided to get married and in the course and preparing for their wedding, many comical interactions take place between the couple, Toula’s big Greek family, and Ian’s small family. In the end, the wedding is successful and both familiesRead MoreMarriage Is The Formal Union Of A Man And A Woman1661 Words   |  7 PagesMarriages in Different Cultures Introduction The official definition of marriage is â€Å" the formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife.† In the United States, a marriage between man and woman, man and man, and woman and woman is recognizable. It is a union between two people who vow to stay with each other through thick and thin. They have many expectations and hope for the best. In different cultures, marriages are performed in different

Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat Free Essays

These accusations were made by people such as John Clue and Nicholas De Jingo. Shackled suggests that these critics didn’t take into account that writers and their work would have been rejected or censored. (Shackled; 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gay men and women were subject of Senator McCarty Witch’ hunts during the ass, they were considered by the government as security risks. The government accused homosexuals as potential acting as spies who would betray them as this type of lifestyle was UN-American. (Shackled; 1998). Homosexuals were also seen as communists, and during the witch hunt in the asses they were prosecuted, even thou proof. Government officials were fired from their jobs. This was known as McCarthy. (Shackled; 1998). â€Å"Inspired by McCarthy, a legislative committee sought to rid Florida of any perceived homosexual, for being gay was not only perversion of the highest magnitude but, more importantly, also tantamount to being a traitor† (Shackled; 1998). During the time that Williams wrote ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof’ being gay was one of the worst crimes that someone could commit. Homosexuality was also considered as a mental illness, which meant that anyone ho was open about their gay lifestyle was immediately seen as ‘abnormal. ‘ This meant that the medical procedure known as a Lobotomy could be performed in order to cure homosexuality. These procedures went ahead despite Sigmund Fried’s claims that homosexuality was ‘neither an asset nor a liability. ‘ (Shackled; 1998). In ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof It Is clear that Skipper was a gay man. He drank himself to death after admitting his love for Brick, and falling to prove that he wasn’t when sleeping with Maggie. Alcohol becomes the means by which both the gay or quasi- ay male characters, Skipper and Brick, run from their inner selves. Skipper is portrayed as a disturbed but clearly homosexual man whose love and admiration for Brick are such that he cannot face the truth Maggie helps reveal to him. † (Shackled; 1998). Skipper is a key role In this play, despite b eing dead before It begins. How to cite Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat, Papers

Implementation of WHO Multimodal Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of WHO Multimodal Strategy. Answer: Introduction Hand Hygiene can be described as the five key initiatives those have been set for the safety of the patients by the world Alliance for patients. According to the World Health Organization The goal of Clean Care is Safer Care is to ensure that infection control is acknowledged universally as a solid and essential basis towards patient safety and supports the reduction of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) and their consequences (WHO, 2017). There are various types of infection those are capable of encountering the patients and could be stopped by effective compliance of Hand Hygiene (HH) within the medical care premises. In manner to make it happen, proper education, guidance, training, methodologies are the crucial objectives. This report presents critical evaluation of ten articles presented on the hand hygiene compliance by different areas and putting emphasis on different sectors of the hand hygiene compliance. Following report presents a thorough research on ten papers propos ed on the relative topic related to the compliance of hand hygiene within intensive health care facilities. The articles were chosen in manner that second article eliminates the limitations of the first article and add additional information related to the processes that could help in enhancing the efficiency of the hand hygiene compliance. Regarding all the facts and aspects presented by all the authors, it can be reported that proper education and training are the possible keys for the compliance of hand hygiene within the intensive health care facilities with complete efficiency. Many articles were popped up while searching hand hygiene compliance on Google Scholar and IEEE Explorer websites. There were hundreds of articles related to the hand hygiene among which fifteen articles have been chosen for this research paper. Among them ten articles those were strongly related to the topic were chosen and based on that critical evaluation on those papers has been proposed in this paper. The very first article stated about the RFID based monitoring station on the hand hygiene compliance which could be helpful for maintaining and monitoring healthy environment. In this paper Meydanci et al. (2013) introduced the beneficial aspects related to the Hand Hygiene (HH) and how the system could be implemented to the current monitoring devices and systems using badges or wrist bands in manner to control the users. This paper presents a thorough research on the RF-ID based electronic devises those are user friendly in nature and could be implemented within the existing system of the medicals in manner to enhance the monitoring capabilities. The system that has been introduced in this paper introduces a wearable, wristband with passive RF-ID technology, with software that could be helpful in measuring the rate of the Hand Hygiene compliance and a wall mounted dispenser (Haque et al. 2017). Based on the research made in the paper, it can be stated that technologies like RF-ID im plemented within the wristbands could be helpful in ensuring the hand hygiene compliance with higher efficiency than any other monitoring system. There were certain limitations of the technology, which includes that system is incapable of detecting whether the caregiver needs to perform the HH procedure or not. Other article was presented by Johnson, Tsouri Walsh (2012) this was an upgrade of the research made in the first paper that ensures measuring of the compliance of HH with RF-ID technology along with the finite state machines. The paper presented a prototype and a noble method that have been developed in manner to measure the health hygiene compliance within the medical hospitals. The technology that is being proposed in this paper is based on alliance framework between the RGHS (Rochester General Health System) and RIT (Rochester Institute of Technology) named under RIT-RGHS Alliance. This technology can be stated as the upgrade version of the technology stated in the above paragraph in which RFID technology has been implemented with the data processing through using FSM (Finite State Machine). The alliance with the RGHS provided an option for the researcher in manner to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the presented technology (Sickbert et al., 2016). This technology h elped in coping up with the limitations those have been identified in the previous technology and was proved to be reliable and also helpful in calculating the trends and probability of the compliance. Although, it can be stated as an important factor, the research presented a limited data of the rate of the compliances of the staffs working in the hospital system under the procedure of HH process that resulted in the low rate of the compliance. Next article was chosen for raising the awareness of HH in different environments. Three systems have been proposed in this research paper, among which system 1 and system 2 have been proposed with same application design. The first system was composed of the data about the usage of antiseptic containers and number of the users, which have been transmitted wirelessly for the processing in the computer. The second system was composed of the data those have been transmitted and recorded via wired connection for the processing in the computer. Both the systems were evaluated on the activities recorded at the hospital and a universal cafeteria through the system 1 and 2 respectively. The need for the hand antiseptics was reported by most of the users and the numbers of users practicing the hand antiseptics were increased significantly. The third system was all about using AR technology after the evaluation of both the systems 1 and 2 (Asai et al., 2013). The research made in the paper wa s sufficient for revealing that most of the users do not recognize the importance of hand antiseptics in the environments those include public spaces such as public hall and other public places. The numbers of users practicing the hand antiseptics in an open environment are not more than the users, practicing the hand antiseptics in a closed environment. Hugonnet, Perneger Pittet, (2002) presented an article that presents an effective way for improving the compliance with the HH through alcohol-based handrub in intensive care units. The primary objective of this report was to present a measure that could be helpful in minimizing the rate of infection that has been spreading with higher rate within intensive care units. This report presents how such types of infection spreading rate could be minimized with the effective compliance of hand-hygiene within the care units. The research methodology was based on the seven surveys those have been implemented in the promotional campaign after putting base in the surgical, pediatric, and medical intensive care units (Chen et al., 2016). The main purpose was to measure the compliance of the hand-hygiene through hand-rubbing and hand-washing using alcohol. Based on the research and survey made by the authors, it can be reported that the intervention was helpful in inducing sustained and marked increase in the compliance with the hand hygiene through alcohol-based handrub and hand wash. The paper introduces how less-time consuming hand wash could be replaced in the intensive care units with the standard hand washing. This also introduces how it could be helpful in coping up with the time constraints. Mahfouz, El Gamal Al-Azraqi, (2013)presented a report with the purpose to measure the degree of the compliance with hand hygiene practices in the intensive care facilities among the health care workers at ACH (Aseer Central Hospital) that was located in south-western Saudi Arabia. It was introduced in the paper that proper education and training are the important objectives related to the compliance of hand hygiene within the hospitals or other clinic units. The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement of the degree of hand hygiene compliance in the intensive health care at Aseer Central Hospital (ACH) among the Health Care Workers (HCWs). It was being concluded by the authors that non-compliance with the guidelines related to the hand hygiene can be represented as a universal problem. Erasmus et al. (2010) reported that in manner to develop successful interventions, it is necessary to do a thorough research about the behavioral determinants of the non-compliance relate d to the hand hygiene. Based on the findings made by the researchers, it can be concluded that education related to the awareness program and training about hand hygiene can be used for the effective and efficient compliance of hand hygiene compliance within the intensive medical care facilities. ACH was the chosen case for the evaluation of the implementation that helped them in getting efficient results related to the compliance of hand hygiene within intensive medical care facilities. Slamon et al. (2014) also shows their interest on the related topic and presented a research report on the compliance of hand hygiene among the HCWs in Vietnam hospitals. It was reported by the authors that washing hands with some antiseptics or soap is a general practice in the Vietnamese hospitals. This could be the best approach, if the tap water that is being supplied for such type of use were pure and clean. The risk of hand contamination has been introduced in the report and those have been compared with the efficacy of five common hygiene methods that was practiced within the tertiary Vietnamese hospitals (Samore Harbarth, 2017). It was observed by the authors that HCWs were carrying various bacteria even without having direct contact with the patients, on their hand. Various steps have been stated in the report among which emphasis was put on the ABHR that could be helpful in overcoming the effects of high bacterial quantity in the contaminated water while indicating the han d-wash using water and soap. Another article that has been proposed for this research put emphasis on the research made at eight hospitals in the United States with specific concentration on the causes of Noncompliance. In this research paper presented by Chassin, Mayer and Nether (2015), eight hospitals were chosen for the research on the compliance of hand hygiene within medical areas and attempt was made to introduce the left factors those were hidden in previous researches. The chosen eight hospitals together used Six Sigma, change management, and lean methods in manner to make the measurement of the noncompliance of hand hygiene within those hospitals. The authors also presented the causes that were main reasons behind lack of efficiency in compliance of HH. In manner to sustain enhanced level of performance test interventions have also been proposed in this report that could be helpful in assessing the major causes (Deyneko, 2016). Various methodologies have been used in manner to identify the root of the spread of diseases and based on that it was proposed that noncompliance of the hand hygiene is due to the improper monitoring and not using appropriate antibiotics for the preventions. Based on these activities qualitative data had been proposed that helped in learning that hand hygiene is a concerning topic and proper education and training is needed in manner to improve the compliance of hand hygiene within the hospitals. Next article is based on the targeting globally the compliance of hand hygiene and improving the hand hygiene practices. Allegendry et al. (2012) spent a long time in researching the practices related to the compliance of hand hygiene in the world wide. They have expressed compliance as the proportion of predefined opportunities met by hand-hygiene actions (i.e., hand washing or hand rubbing). WHO made the vast donation in manner to make the research possible and researchers were able to make the findings. This research helped in understanding that it can be put on the top most concern of the global issues and should be given concern in manner to enhance the safety of the patients (Shen et al., 2017). Even using soap and antiseptics does not eliminate the possibilities of infection to the patients or the care workers who are involved in the medical section. Despite of direct contact there are many mediums through which bacteria can be spread to the individuals related to the hospital s or any other medical cares including patients, nurses, and doctors. However, proper education, practices, training and monitoring could be helpful in overcoming such sort of issues. This was also reported in this paper that after the awareness program the rate of compliance of hand hygiene was improved. Uneka et al. (2014) also presented their concern related to the hand hygiene compliance and presented a research in Nigerian hospital. They presented an example how safety practices provided through training and education could be helpful in enhancing the compliance of hand hygiene within the intensive health cares. It is very important that the efficiency of compliance of hand hygiene is much high in manner to guarantee safety for the patients. This research presented the positive results of the practices made by the WHO hand hygiene guidelines. Teaching hospitals were chosen for the research in manner to find the root cause of such less efficiency. Based on the findings and research, authors concluded that compliance of hand hygiene could be enhanced and practiced in effective manner through using the tools and guidelines presented by WHO hand hygiene program. It can also be said that practicing hand hygiene methodologies introduced by WHO could be helpful in ensuring proper safety for the patients and the care workers with low-income expenditure. The most recent article related to the topic was presented by Mert and Reza (2017), that presents a monitoring system on the compliance of hand hygiene that was based on internet of things (latest and much advanced technology). This paper presents a system prototype of stations for the hand hygiene stations those have been based on IoT (Internet of Things) and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies in manner to monitor the rate of compliance of hand hygiene. This is much advanced monitoring system with cloud implementation, completely different from the monitoring systems presented in the above report. This system could be helpful in ensuring the enhancement of hand hygiene compliance rate with proper monitoring and alarming system (Hwang, Kim Rho, 2016). Before presenting it to the world, various tests and evaluation had been already made on the efficiency of the system and resulted in the boon for the medical sectors. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that compliance of hand hygiene is a concerning topic for the medical sectors as till now efficiency has not been reached to 100%. All the ten articles presented on the above report have different topics related to the hand hygiene compliance however; ultimate goal for each author was to make hospitals free from any of the infections that could be spread by such small negligence. Monitoring can be a better approach as stated in most of the papers. All the paper suggests that proper education and training are the best measures that could ensure the compliance of hand hygiene with complete efficiency. 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