8 Locker Organization Ideas for Back to School

Arranged Marriage vs Love Marriage - 1619 Words

Argumentative Essay Arranged Marriage Vs Love Marriage Marriage is a relationship that bind of a spouse in formal event and registered by law as to declare a husband and wife. Marriage is key to form a family into larger as a basic unit in social system. Marriage also bind of the emotional relationship where both spouse are sharing their life together as to form a family. It is the joining of two people in a bond that putatively lasts until death, but unfortunately in a real life is increasingly end up by a divorce. As to discuss about the topic above, it depends on the national tradition and religion custom. In most, though not all primitive societies are practicing the marriage as to decide who is the best for their children, or†¦show more content†¦The relationship is already built up before marriage. They might be coupled for many years and perhaps from the same secondary school previously. So, when they get married, there is nothing much to discover. There is nothing much to share and discuss about. They have already spent many years together before marriage. Hence, there is nothing different with the life after marriage. This is why most of the love marriage seems to be fragile. Notwithstanding, arranged marriage is the best option because life after marriage is a journey to get know each other and discover something new. It may be like roller coaster at the beginning of the marriage, but frankly it getting more interesting. Just like riding a roller coaster, you ve never ridden before, you can t know what it really feels like until you ride it on and then you’ll absolutely enjoy it. Arranged marriage has a strong family support, where the bound between both families is strong enough to defend the marriage until the end of life. Both spouse family have already decided and accept them into their family, so there will be less problems occurs in the future. Compared to the love marriage, sometimes it seems not fair between both family when they have to make a decision. Moreover, arranged marriag e got the psychological support from people around them, they tend to be less pressure after marriage because most of the people surround them are supporting the marriage. This can prevent themShow MoreRelatedLove Marriage vs Arranged Marriage!635 Words   |  3 Pagesplayed a vital role in changing the perception of the Indian mind. Love marriage is supposed to provide freedom and more independence as compared to arranged marriages where the girl/boy is chosen by the parents. The usual question of love marriage voters against arranged one is that how can anyone marry the person whom they don’t know? Amid popular love lore like Soni Mahiwal, India always had a long tradition of arranged marriages. With the advent of the British and the subsequent introductionRead MoreEssay on Love vs. Arranged Marriage1699 Words   |  7 PagesMarriage has been described as one of the oldest and most enduring human institutions however the reasons for marrying have varied extensively from period to period and culture to culture. In many cases marrying was predominantly an economic decision which determined the suitor that the family could find for the daughter. In some cultures a mans wealth was based on the size of his harem or the number of spouses that he maintained while in other cultures a young womans family was expected to giveRead MoreArranged Marriages Should Not Be Lawful1128 Words   |  5 Pageshealth, to love and to cherish, until we are parted by death. This is my solemn vow.† In an arranged marriage, two complete strangers come together by family, religion, or ethics to bec ome spouses. Stating these meaning packed words, the two vow lives to one another while barely knowing the other. Yet, that is whom the parents have chosen, so that is whom the person must wed. When this takes place self-choice becomes eliminated and God-given rights become invisible. Arranged marriages should notRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1026 Words   |  5 Pagestime arranged marriages were the norm in several societies. In the comedy, A Midsummer Night’s Dream by William Shakespeare, Hermia is in love with Lysander, but her father wants her to marry Demetrius. She escapes into the woods with Lysander. Just like Hermia, many people around the world are forced to marry someone that their parents choose for them. Love marriage vs. Arranged marriage is always a debated topic. While there are instances of love marriages working out, there are arranged marriagesRead MoreThe Immigrant Advantage By Claudia Kolker878 Words   |  4 Pagescultural tr adition of arranged marriages brought by South Asian immigrants to the United States. Kolker agrues that arranged marriages are much more effective in finding a spouse than traditional marriages. Kolker believes that this tradition of assistive marriage should be adopted by Americans. Research and studies have shown that â€Å"women in arranged marriages rated the highest marital status† (Kolker, 71) compared to couples who have arranged marriages. Arranged marriage is great for individualsRead MoreArranged Marriage vs. Free-choice Marriage Faizan Sadiq1614 Words   |  7 PagesArranged Marriage vs. Free-choice MarriageHappy marriages begin when we marry the ones we love, and they blossom when we love the ones we marry (Tom Mullen, 2005, p.1). It is argued that free-choice marriages based on love or romance, offer more independence and freedom as compared to arranged marriages where the man and woman are chosen by the parents and so there is pressure and is not so suitable and independent. However, no marriage is necessarily an ideal sort of marriage. Therefore, it becomesRead MoreA Midsummer Night s Dream By William Shakespeare1349 Words   |  6 Pagesnumerous depictions of love and romance. In his play, one of the most apparent perspectives of love is that genuine love is a force so powerful, that it can not be imitated, replicated or enforced. One of the most profound examples of forced love in the play is exhibited through the relationship between Hermia and Demetrius, two Athenians who are being forced to be married by Hermia’s father, Egeus. In their relationship, only one of the parties is consenting to this arranged marriage: Demetrius. AlthoughRead More Arranged Marriages Essay1105 Words   |  5 Pages Arranged Marriages What is an arranged marriage? Well in the Webster’s dictionary it is defined as a marriage where the marital partners are chosen by others based on considerations other than the pre-existing mutual attraction of the partners. This habit has been very common in noble families, especially in reigning ones, at the scope of combining and perhaps enforcing the respective strengths of originary families (and kingdoms) of the spouses. A relevant part of history has been influencedRead MoreMy Big Fat Greek Wedding1243 Words   |  5 Pagesdid not want her to go to school. He wanted her to find a nice Greek man and make Greek babies. Eventually Toula was able to go to school and she began to have a more positive outlook on life. One day she met a man, Ian Miller, who she soon fell in love with. They soon decided to get married and in the course and preparing for their wedding, many comical interactions take place between the couple, Toula’s big Greek family, and Ian’s small family. In the end, the wedding is successful and both familiesRead MoreMarriage Is The Formal Union Of A Man And A Woman1661 Words   |  7 PagesMarriages in Different Cultures Introduction The official definition of marriage is â€Å" the formal union of a man and a woman, typically recognized by law, by which they become husband and wife.† In the United States, a marriage between man and woman, man and man, and woman and woman is recognizable. It is a union between two people who vow to stay with each other through thick and thin. They have many expectations and hope for the best. In different cultures, marriages are performed in different

Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat Free Essays

These accusations were made by people such as John Clue and Nicholas De Jingo. Shackled suggests that these critics didn’t take into account that writers and their work would have been rejected or censored. (Shackled; 1998). We will write a custom essay sample on Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat or any similar topic only for you Order Now Gay men and women were subject of Senator McCarty Witch’ hunts during the ass, they were considered by the government as security risks. The government accused homosexuals as potential acting as spies who would betray them as this type of lifestyle was UN-American. (Shackled; 1998). Homosexuals were also seen as communists, and during the witch hunt in the asses they were prosecuted, even thou proof. Government officials were fired from their jobs. This was known as McCarthy. (Shackled; 1998). â€Å"Inspired by McCarthy, a legislative committee sought to rid Florida of any perceived homosexual, for being gay was not only perversion of the highest magnitude but, more importantly, also tantamount to being a traitor† (Shackled; 1998). During the time that Williams wrote ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof’ being gay was one of the worst crimes that someone could commit. Homosexuality was also considered as a mental illness, which meant that anyone ho was open about their gay lifestyle was immediately seen as ‘abnormal. ‘ This meant that the medical procedure known as a Lobotomy could be performed in order to cure homosexuality. These procedures went ahead despite Sigmund Fried’s claims that homosexuality was ‘neither an asset nor a liability. ‘ (Shackled; 1998). In ‘Cat on a Hot Tin Roof It Is clear that Skipper was a gay man. He drank himself to death after admitting his love for Brick, and falling to prove that he wasn’t when sleeping with Maggie. Alcohol becomes the means by which both the gay or quasi- ay male characters, Skipper and Brick, run from their inner selves. Skipper is portrayed as a disturbed but clearly homosexual man whose love and admiration for Brick are such that he cannot face the truth Maggie helps reveal to him. † (Shackled; 1998). Skipper is a key role In this play, despite b eing dead before It begins. How to cite Homosexuality in America in Reference to Cat, Papers

Implementation of WHO Multimodal Strategy †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Implementation of WHO Multimodal Strategy. Answer: Introduction Hand Hygiene can be described as the five key initiatives those have been set for the safety of the patients by the world Alliance for patients. According to the World Health Organization The goal of Clean Care is Safer Care is to ensure that infection control is acknowledged universally as a solid and essential basis towards patient safety and supports the reduction of Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAI) and their consequences (WHO, 2017). There are various types of infection those are capable of encountering the patients and could be stopped by effective compliance of Hand Hygiene (HH) within the medical care premises. In manner to make it happen, proper education, guidance, training, methodologies are the crucial objectives. This report presents critical evaluation of ten articles presented on the hand hygiene compliance by different areas and putting emphasis on different sectors of the hand hygiene compliance. Following report presents a thorough research on ten papers propos ed on the relative topic related to the compliance of hand hygiene within intensive health care facilities. The articles were chosen in manner that second article eliminates the limitations of the first article and add additional information related to the processes that could help in enhancing the efficiency of the hand hygiene compliance. Regarding all the facts and aspects presented by all the authors, it can be reported that proper education and training are the possible keys for the compliance of hand hygiene within the intensive health care facilities with complete efficiency. Many articles were popped up while searching hand hygiene compliance on Google Scholar and IEEE Explorer websites. There were hundreds of articles related to the hand hygiene among which fifteen articles have been chosen for this research paper. Among them ten articles those were strongly related to the topic were chosen and based on that critical evaluation on those papers has been proposed in this paper. The very first article stated about the RFID based monitoring station on the hand hygiene compliance which could be helpful for maintaining and monitoring healthy environment. In this paper Meydanci et al. (2013) introduced the beneficial aspects related to the Hand Hygiene (HH) and how the system could be implemented to the current monitoring devices and systems using badges or wrist bands in manner to control the users. This paper presents a thorough research on the RF-ID based electronic devises those are user friendly in nature and could be implemented within the existing system of the medicals in manner to enhance the monitoring capabilities. The system that has been introduced in this paper introduces a wearable, wristband with passive RF-ID technology, with software that could be helpful in measuring the rate of the Hand Hygiene compliance and a wall mounted dispenser (Haque et al. 2017). Based on the research made in the paper, it can be stated that technologies like RF-ID im plemented within the wristbands could be helpful in ensuring the hand hygiene compliance with higher efficiency than any other monitoring system. There were certain limitations of the technology, which includes that system is incapable of detecting whether the caregiver needs to perform the HH procedure or not. Other article was presented by Johnson, Tsouri Walsh (2012) this was an upgrade of the research made in the first paper that ensures measuring of the compliance of HH with RF-ID technology along with the finite state machines. The paper presented a prototype and a noble method that have been developed in manner to measure the health hygiene compliance within the medical hospitals. The technology that is being proposed in this paper is based on alliance framework between the RGHS (Rochester General Health System) and RIT (Rochester Institute of Technology) named under RIT-RGHS Alliance. This technology can be stated as the upgrade version of the technology stated in the above paragraph in which RFID technology has been implemented with the data processing through using FSM (Finite State Machine). The alliance with the RGHS provided an option for the researcher in manner to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the presented technology (Sickbert et al., 2016). This technology h elped in coping up with the limitations those have been identified in the previous technology and was proved to be reliable and also helpful in calculating the trends and probability of the compliance. Although, it can be stated as an important factor, the research presented a limited data of the rate of the compliances of the staffs working in the hospital system under the procedure of HH process that resulted in the low rate of the compliance. Next article was chosen for raising the awareness of HH in different environments. Three systems have been proposed in this research paper, among which system 1 and system 2 have been proposed with same application design. The first system was composed of the data about the usage of antiseptic containers and number of the users, which have been transmitted wirelessly for the processing in the computer. The second system was composed of the data those have been transmitted and recorded via wired connection for the processing in the computer. Both the systems were evaluated on the activities recorded at the hospital and a universal cafeteria through the system 1 and 2 respectively. The need for the hand antiseptics was reported by most of the users and the numbers of users practicing the hand antiseptics were increased significantly. The third system was all about using AR technology after the evaluation of both the systems 1 and 2 (Asai et al., 2013). The research made in the paper wa s sufficient for revealing that most of the users do not recognize the importance of hand antiseptics in the environments those include public spaces such as public hall and other public places. The numbers of users practicing the hand antiseptics in an open environment are not more than the users, practicing the hand antiseptics in a closed environment. Hugonnet, Perneger Pittet, (2002) presented an article that presents an effective way for improving the compliance with the HH through alcohol-based handrub in intensive care units. The primary objective of this report was to present a measure that could be helpful in minimizing the rate of infection that has been spreading with higher rate within intensive care units. This report presents how such types of infection spreading rate could be minimized with the effective compliance of hand-hygiene within the care units. The research methodology was based on the seven surveys those have been implemented in the promotional campaign after putting base in the surgical, pediatric, and medical intensive care units (Chen et al., 2016). The main purpose was to measure the compliance of the hand-hygiene through hand-rubbing and hand-washing using alcohol. Based on the research and survey made by the authors, it can be reported that the intervention was helpful in inducing sustained and marked increase in the compliance with the hand hygiene through alcohol-based handrub and hand wash. The paper introduces how less-time consuming hand wash could be replaced in the intensive care units with the standard hand washing. This also introduces how it could be helpful in coping up with the time constraints. Mahfouz, El Gamal Al-Azraqi, (2013)presented a report with the purpose to measure the degree of the compliance with hand hygiene practices in the intensive care facilities among the health care workers at ACH (Aseer Central Hospital) that was located in south-western Saudi Arabia. It was introduced in the paper that proper education and training are the important objectives related to the compliance of hand hygiene within the hospitals or other clinic units. The purpose of the study was to determine the measurement of the degree of hand hygiene compliance in the intensive health care at Aseer Central Hospital (ACH) among the Health Care Workers (HCWs). It was being concluded by the authors that non-compliance with the guidelines related to the hand hygiene can be represented as a universal problem. Erasmus et al. (2010) reported that in manner to develop successful interventions, it is necessary to do a thorough research about the behavioral determinants of the non-compliance relate d to the hand hygiene. Based on the findings made by the researchers, it can be concluded that education related to the awareness program and training about hand hygiene can be used for the effective and efficient compliance of hand hygiene compliance within the intensive medical care facilities. ACH was the chosen case for the evaluation of the implementation that helped them in getting efficient results related to the compliance of hand hygiene within intensive medical care facilities. Slamon et al. (2014) also shows their interest on the related topic and presented a research report on the compliance of hand hygiene among the HCWs in Vietnam hospitals. It was reported by the authors that washing hands with some antiseptics or soap is a general practice in the Vietnamese hospitals. This could be the best approach, if the tap water that is being supplied for such type of use were pure and clean. The risk of hand contamination has been introduced in the report and those have been compared with the efficacy of five common hygiene methods that was practiced within the tertiary Vietnamese hospitals (Samore Harbarth, 2017). It was observed by the authors that HCWs were carrying various bacteria even without having direct contact with the patients, on their hand. Various steps have been stated in the report among which emphasis was put on the ABHR that could be helpful in overcoming the effects of high bacterial quantity in the contaminated water while indicating the han d-wash using water and soap. Another article that has been proposed for this research put emphasis on the research made at eight hospitals in the United States with specific concentration on the causes of Noncompliance. In this research paper presented by Chassin, Mayer and Nether (2015), eight hospitals were chosen for the research on the compliance of hand hygiene within medical areas and attempt was made to introduce the left factors those were hidden in previous researches. The chosen eight hospitals together used Six Sigma, change management, and lean methods in manner to make the measurement of the noncompliance of hand hygiene within those hospitals. The authors also presented the causes that were main reasons behind lack of efficiency in compliance of HH. In manner to sustain enhanced level of performance test interventions have also been proposed in this report that could be helpful in assessing the major causes (Deyneko, 2016). Various methodologies have been used in manner to identify the root of the spread of diseases and based on that it was proposed that noncompliance of the hand hygiene is due to the improper monitoring and not using appropriate antibiotics for the preventions. Based on these activities qualitative data had been proposed that helped in learning that hand hygiene is a concerning topic and proper education and training is needed in manner to improve the compliance of hand hygiene within the hospitals. Next article is based on the targeting globally the compliance of hand hygiene and improving the hand hygiene practices. Allegendry et al. (2012) spent a long time in researching the practices related to the compliance of hand hygiene in the world wide. They have expressed compliance as the proportion of predefined opportunities met by hand-hygiene actions (i.e., hand washing or hand rubbing). WHO made the vast donation in manner to make the research possible and researchers were able to make the findings. This research helped in understanding that it can be put on the top most concern of the global issues and should be given concern in manner to enhance the safety of the patients (Shen et al., 2017). Even using soap and antiseptics does not eliminate the possibilities of infection to the patients or the care workers who are involved in the medical section. Despite of direct contact there are many mediums through which bacteria can be spread to the individuals related to the hospital s or any other medical cares including patients, nurses, and doctors. However, proper education, practices, training and monitoring could be helpful in overcoming such sort of issues. This was also reported in this paper that after the awareness program the rate of compliance of hand hygiene was improved. Uneka et al. (2014) also presented their concern related to the hand hygiene compliance and presented a research in Nigerian hospital. They presented an example how safety practices provided through training and education could be helpful in enhancing the compliance of hand hygiene within the intensive health cares. It is very important that the efficiency of compliance of hand hygiene is much high in manner to guarantee safety for the patients. This research presented the positive results of the practices made by the WHO hand hygiene guidelines. Teaching hospitals were chosen for the research in manner to find the root cause of such less efficiency. Based on the findings and research, authors concluded that compliance of hand hygiene could be enhanced and practiced in effective manner through using the tools and guidelines presented by WHO hand hygiene program. It can also be said that practicing hand hygiene methodologies introduced by WHO could be helpful in ensuring proper safety for the patients and the care workers with low-income expenditure. The most recent article related to the topic was presented by Mert and Reza (2017), that presents a monitoring system on the compliance of hand hygiene that was based on internet of things (latest and much advanced technology). This paper presents a system prototype of stations for the hand hygiene stations those have been based on IoT (Internet of Things) and WSN (Wireless Sensor Network) technologies in manner to monitor the rate of compliance of hand hygiene. This is much advanced monitoring system with cloud implementation, completely different from the monitoring systems presented in the above report. This system could be helpful in ensuring the enhancement of hand hygiene compliance rate with proper monitoring and alarming system (Hwang, Kim Rho, 2016). Before presenting it to the world, various tests and evaluation had been already made on the efficiency of the system and resulted in the boon for the medical sectors. Conclusion Based on the above report it can be concluded that compliance of hand hygiene is a concerning topic for the medical sectors as till now efficiency has not been reached to 100%. All the ten articles presented on the above report have different topics related to the hand hygiene compliance however; ultimate goal for each author was to make hospitals free from any of the infections that could be spread by such small negligence. Monitoring can be a better approach as stated in most of the papers. All the paper suggests that proper education and training are the best measures that could ensure the compliance of hand hygiene with complete efficiency. Despite of transparent result, it can be stated that all the authors were lack in describing all the factors and presented research findings without the factor of environmental spreading. On the other hand every research was focusing on the safety of the patients only however, it can be stated that a healthy person might also get infected thro ugh those bacteria and should also be given consideration. Every researchers were either focusing on the monitoring or practices, it can be recommended that indulging both the topics in a single research could result in effective and efficient compliance of hand hygiene within the intensive health care facilities. References: Allegranzi, B., Gayet-Ageron, A., Damani, N., Bengaly, L., McLaws, M. L., Moro, M. L., ... Donaldson, L. (2013). Global implementation of WHO's multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study. The Lancet infectious diseases, 13(10), 843-851. Asai, T., Kanazawa, A., Hayashi, H., Minazuki, A. (2013, December).Development of a system to raise awareness of hand hygiene in various environments.InSignal-Image Technology Internet-Based Systems (SITIS), 2013 International Conference on(pp. 924-931).IEEE. Bal, M., Abrishambaf, R. (2017, March). A system for monitoring hand hygiene compliance based-on Internet-of-Things. In Industrial Technology (ICIT), 2017 IEEE International Conference on (pp. 1348-1353).IEEE. Chassin, M. R., Mayer, C., Nether, K. (2015). Improving hand hygiene at eight hospitals in the United States by targeting specific causes of noncompliance.The Joint Commission Journal on Quality and Patient Safety, 41(1), 4-12. Chen, P., Yuan, T., Sun, Q., Jiang, L., Jiang, H., Zhu, Z., ...Xu, A. (2016). Role of quality control circle in sustained improvement of hand hygiene compliance: an observational study in a stomatology hospital in Shandong, China. Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control, 5(1), 54. Deyneko, A., Cordeiro, F., Berlin, L., Ben-David, D., Perna, S., Longtin, Y. (2016).Impact of sink location on hand hygiene compliance after care of patients with Clostridium difficile infection: a cross-sectional study.BMC infectious diseases, 16(1), 203. Erasmus V, Daha TJ, Brug H, Richardus JH, Behrendt MD, Vos MC, et al. Systematic review of studies on compliance with hand hygiene guidelines in hospital care. Infect Control HospEpidemiol 2010;31:28394. Haque, A., Guo, M., Alahi, A., Yeung, S., Luo, Z., Rege, A., ... Platchek, T. (2017). Towards Vision-Based Smart Hospitals: A System for Tracking and Monitoring Hand Hygiene Compliance.arXiv preprint arXiv:1708.00163. Hugonnet, S., Perneger, T. V., Pittet, D. (2002). Alcohol-based handrub improves compliance with hand hygiene in intensive care units.Archives of internal medicine,162(9), 1037-1043. Hwang, Y. M., Kim, M. G., Rho, J. J. (2016). Understanding Internet of Things (IoT) diffusion: Focusing on value configuration of RFID and sensors in business cases (20082012).Information Development,32(4), 969-985. Johnson, R., Tsouri, G. R., Walsh, E. (2012).Continuous and automated measuring of compliance of hand-hygiene procedures using finite state machines and RFID.IEEE Instrumentation Measurement Magazine,15(2). Mahfouz, A. A., El Gamal, M. N., Al-Azraqi, T. A. (2013). Hand hygiene non-compliance among intensive care unit health care workers in Aseer Central Hospital, south-western Saudi Arabia.International Journal of Infectious Diseases,17(9), e729-e732. Meydanci, M. A., Adali, C., Ertas, M., Dizbay, M., Akan, A. (2013, November). RFID based hand hygiene compliance monitoring station. InControl System, Computing and Engineering (ICCSCE), 2013 IEEE International Conference on(pp. 573-576). IEEE. Salmon, S., Truong, A. T., Nguyen, V. H., Pittet, D., McLaws, M. L. (2014). Health care workers' hand contamination levels and antibacterial efficacy of different hand hygiene methods used in a Vietnamese hospital.American journal of infection control,42(2), 178-181. Salmon, S., Truong, A. T., Nguyen, V. H., Pittet, D., McLaws, M. L. (2014). Health care workers' hand contamination levels and antibacterial efficacy of different hand hygiene methods used in a Vietnamese hospital. American journal of infection control, 42(2), 178-181. Samore, M., Harbarth, S. (2017). Methodological Issues in Hand Hygiene Science. Hand Hygiene: A Handbook for Medical Professionals, 36-41. Shen, L., Wang, X., An, J., An, J., Zhou, N., Sun, L., ... Liu, X. (2017). Implementation of WHO multimodal strategy for improvement of hand hygiene: a quasi-experimental study in a Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital in Xian, China. Antimicrobial Resistance Infection Control, 6(1), 98. Sickbert-Bennett, E. E., DiBiase, L. M., Willis, T. M. S., Wolak, E. S., Weber, D. J., Rutala, W. A. (2016). Reduction of healthcare-associated infections by exceeding high compliance with hand hygiene practices. Emerging infectious diseases, 22(9), 1628. Uneke, C. J., Ndukwe, C. D., Oyibo, P. G., Nwakpu, K. O., Nnabu, R. C., Prasopa-Plaizier, N. (2014). Promotion of hand hygiene strengthening initiative in a Nigerian teaching hospital: implication for improved patient safety in low-income health facilities. The Brazilian Journal of Infectious Diseases, 18(1), 21-27. Wetzker, W., Bunte-Schnberger, K., Walter, J., Pilarski, G., Gastmeier, P., Reichardt, C. (2016). Compliance with hand hygiene: reference data from the national hand hygiene campaign in Germany. Journal of Hospital Infection, 92(4), 328-331. Who.int. World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines on hand hygienein health care.[Online]. Available: https://whqlibdoc.who.int/hq/2009/who_ier_psp_2009.07_eng.pdf. [Accessed: 12-Jan-2017].

Comparison Of Hero And Government In Beowulf And Oedipus Rex Essays

Comparison of Hero and Government in Beowulf and Oedipus Rex Beowulf is an Anglo-Saxon folk epic written by an unknown author. It was written sometime during the eighth century. Oedipus Rex is an Ancient Greek tragedy written by the playwright Sophocles sometime around 430 BC. Although the two works were written during two different time periods, in two different places, and are different kinds of literature, they can still be compared and contrasted. These two works contain many similarities and differences in the depiction of hero and the depiction of government. Beowulf tells the story of one of the most heroic men of Anglo-Saxon times. The hero, Beowulf, is able to use his super-human physical strength and courage to put his people before himself. He encounters terrifying monsters and the most brutal beasts, but he never fears the threat of death. Beowulf is the ultimate epic hero who risks his life countless times for great honor and for the good of others. Oedipus Rex is a tragic play, which discusses the tragic discovery of Oedipus--that he has killed his father, and married his mother. He is self-confident, intelligent, and strong willed. Ironically these are the very traits which bring about his tragic discovery. Oedipus gains the rule of Thebes by answering the riddle of Sphinx. The two heroes, Beowulf and Oedipus, are very similar in some aspects and also quite different in others. The first similarity in the depiction of hero is that both heroes are of aristocratic birth. Beowulf is the cousin of Higlac, who is King of the Geats. Oedipus is the adopted son of Polybus and Merope, the King and Queen of Corinth. Furthermore, his real parents are Laius and Jocasta, King and Queen of Thebes. Another similarity is that both heroes end a period of suffering by abolishing a monster. Beowulf ends the suffering in Herot by killing the monster Grendel. "A prince of the Geats, had killed Grendel, / Ended the grief, the sorrow, the suffering / Forced on Hrothgar's helpless people / By a bloodthirsty fiend." (lines 482 - 485) Oedipus is responsible for ending the Sphinx's reign of terror upon the city of Thebes. He does not physically kill the monster as Beowulf does; he merely answers the Sphinx's riddle. When he does so, the Sphinx kills herself. A third similarity is that both heroes are challenged by another character in the story. Beowulf is challenged by Unferth, and Oedipus is challenged by Tiresias. When challenged, both heroes arrogantly boast about their accomplishments. "No man swims in the sea / As I can, no strength is a match for mine." (lines 253 - 254) Beowulf goes on boasting to Unferth, "Nine was the number / Of sea-huge monsters I killed. What man, / Anywhere under heaven's high arch, has fought / In such darkness, endured more misery or been harder / Pressed?" (lines 294 - 298) When challenged by Tiresias Oedipus says, "Tell me when you ever played the prophet straight? Or why when the she-dog Sphinx of riddles sang, you never spoke a thing to break that spell? ?But I, the Oedipus who stumbled here without a hint, could snuff her out by human wit." (page 38) A difference between Beowulf and Oedipus is that each has different qualities that qualify him as a hero. Beowulf is classified as a hero because of his physical strength a nd bravery. "Beowulf, Higlac's / Follower and the strongest of the Geats-greater / And stronger than anyone anywhere in this world." (lines 131 - 133) Beowulf comes to help the Danes in a time of need. This shows him as a dignified example for all human beings, classifying him as an epic hero. Oedipus is not classified as a hero because of his physical strength but rather because of his mental strengths. He uses intellect to solve the riddle of the Sphinx. Many of the most intelligent men of Thebes have been killed trying to answer the riddle, but Oedipus proves his intelligence superior to theirs. Moreover, Oedipus differs from Beowulf as a hero in that his traits that give him riches and power ultimately lead him to his tragic ending. Thus, Oedipus is classified as a tragic hero.

Important Health-Related English Vocabulary

Important Health-Related English Vocabulary Learning to express yourself in English when talking about your health can be difficult. While you dont need to understand the more technical, scientific, or medical language doctors and other healthcare providers use, it is helpful to know basic health-related vocabulary. This page provides some of the most common English  vocabulary used to talk about health and healthcare. Youll find important categories with an example sentence to help show context for each word provided in this vocabulary overview.   Illnesses Ache - The ache is getting worse. What should I do?Earache - Ive got a horrible ear ache today.Headache - I woke up with a pounding headache this morning.Stomach ache - Dont eat too much chocolate or youll get a stomach ache.Toothache - Go to the dentist for your toothache.Cancer - Cancer seems to be the plague of modern life.Cold - People sometimes work if theyve only got a cold.Cough - He has a strong cough. He should take some cough syrup.Flu - Its common to feel aches and pains, as well as have a slight fever when youve got the flu.Heart attack - A heart attack doesnt need to be fatal in modern times.Heart disease - Heart disease affects a lot of families.  Infection - Make sure to clean the wound so you dont get an infectionInfectious disease - She caught an infectious disease at school.Pain - Where do you feel the pain?Virus - There is a virus going around at work. Take lots of vitamins. Minor Injuries Bruise - I have this bruise from hitting myself with a door!Cut - Put a bandage on your cut.Graze - Thats just a graze. Its nothing serious.Wound - That wound needs to be treated by a doctor. Go to the emergency room. Medical Treatment Bandage - Use this bandage to stop the bleeding.Check-up - I have a check-up next month.  Dose (of medicine) - Make sure to take your dose of medicine at ten oclock.Drugs - The doctor can prescribe drugs if necessary.  Injection - Some medicine is given by injection.Medicine - Regularly take the medicine and you should have no problems.Operation - Ron has a serious operation on Friday.  Pain-killer - Opiates are a type of pain-killer that can be very addictive.  Pill - Take one pill before you go to bed.Tablet - Take one tablet with each meal.Tranquilizer - This tranquilizer will calm your nerves so you can rest. People in Healthcare Dentist - The dentist gave me a check-up and cleaned my teeth.Doctor - The doctor can see you now.General Practitioner - Most families have a general practitioner to help them with most needs.  Midwife - Many women choose to have a midwife help with the birth of their baby.  Nurse - The nurse will come in to check on you every hour.Patient - The patient has a broken rib and nose.Specialist - The specialist was excellent but extremely expensive.  Surgeon - Surgeons need to have nerves of steel as they cut into the flesh during an operation. Places in Healthcare Hospital - Ill meet you at the hospital and we can stop in to see Peter whos recovering from surgery.Operating Room - The surgeon entered the operating​ room and began the operationWaiting Room - You can sit in the waiting room until hes finished.Ward - Mr. Smith is in the ward at the end of the hall. Health-Related Verbs Catch - Most people catch a cold from time to time.Cure - It took the doctor six months to cure the illness.Heal - A wound can take a long time to heal.Hurt - The boy hurt his ankle playing basketball.Injure - I injured myself climbing a tree!Operate on - The surgeon will operate on the patient at three oclock.Prescribe - The doctor prescribed an antibiotic to help the wound heal.Treat - Well treat anyone who has a health issue. Health-Related Adjectives Fit - Hes a fit young man. He shouldnt be worried.Ill - Unfortunately, she looks ill today.Sick - Do you feel sick?Healthy - Eat healthy food and get regular exercise.  Unhealthy - Eating fatty foods and lots of sweets is very unhealthy.Painful - The painful arm was held in a cast.Unwell - Many students are feeling unwell.Well - I hope you get well soon.

Effect of Music During Worship Service Term Paper

Effect of Music During Worship Service - Term Paper Example Consequently, the congregation expresses their unity through singing together a repeated common story thus facilitating the formation of religious identity. Gospel music components such as the pitch, rhythm and lyrics are humanly organised thus they strongly affect the worshippers emotions through influencing the chemical processes of the brain thus leading to reflections, joy, sadness and physical expression of the gospel truth through body movements (Wren, 2000). In addition, emotions are reflected in the patterns of belief and actions like bodily movements unlike passive listening to professional choirs (Christian, 2003). The research paper will enable us understand the reasons behind the growth of use of music during worship especially in evangelical churches. The research will be instrumental in composition of worship music that strengthens the emotions of the worshippers and glorifies the gospel. Hypothesis statement Music executed properly will bring the glory of God that will cause every believer to participate in the worship service. Research questions In order to understand the effect of music during worship, the research paper will answer the following questions. I. How often is music used during worship? II. Does music during worship strengthen the emotions and minds of the worshippers? III. Does music during worship allow more freedom of expression through the lifting of hands and other body movements? IV. Can music during worship unify Christians and exalt God? Literature review In 1500, Roman Catholic Church worship was practically a formal affair with professional choirs leading the music. However, the prevailing attitude among the congregations was that God needed the best from every worshiper instead of worshippers listening attentively to... This paper approves that music during worship will establish the mood thus enabling the congregation to value both faith and feelings towards the creator. Musical rhythms have deep personal associations for worshippers thus act as a reference point during worship. Music during worship facilitates revelation since Christians believe that revelation that is both natural through human experience and also supernatural through praise and worship. However, majority of the Catholic respondents see music as not essential during worship and they do not necessary express their freedom through bodily movements, but through prayer. The research findings point out that a majority of the Churches incorporate music during their worship regardless of whether in an urban or rural setting. This report makes a conclusion that music is a powerful tool of worship since it influences the mental and spiritual aspects of the worshippers. The primary effect of music is to provides the worshippers an opportunity for participation thus improving their remembering and reinforcing the unity and gospel truth. Music during worship affects the worshippers’ emotions and feelings thus strengthening their spiritual and mental capacities. Nearly all Churches, regardless of the denomination have incorporated either Gospel or contemporary music in their services. Although traditional churches denominations like the Catholic have not appreciated the effect of music during worship, modern denominations like the Baptism appreciate music as essential in worship.

Ophthalamic Disorders Case Study Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Ophthalamic Disorders Case Study - Essay Example Mr. Ally is suffering from an eye stoke which is a disorder of the optic nerve. An eye stroke is also referred to as (AION) Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (Kumar, 2008). The eye is surrounded by numerous tissues, veins and blood vessels that have a duty to aid in the circulation of blood from one eye point to the next. In the event that the flow of blood to the optic nerve is tampered with, the eye suffers from a stroke. This is an urgent attack that is not easily noticed and develops into a fully blown condition in no time. This is because the optic nerve suffers from lack of oxygen and blood. This indicates that the blood flow to the eye is reduced or blocked totally chocking out the supply to the optic nerve. This seriously hampers the overall performance of the nerve (Hattenhauer, 1997).Once the optic nerve encounters the chocked or reduced blood supply, it swells. The swelling is terribly hard to notice if tests are not conducted as the swelling does not become a noticed phe nomena immediately. The optic nerve does not receive blood in the correct amount and the correct pressures. This affects the normal capacity of the eye thus resulting in shadows and floaters when viewing. After a while, the eye is significantly affected and suffers from total vision loss (Kumar, 2008).The doctor can introduce Mr. Ally to Corticosteroids which will have the task of enhancing blood circulation in the optic nerve. They will also ensure that the swelling experienced reduces with time.

Construction Safety Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 6

Construction Safety - Assignment Example The main objective of an emergency action plan is to consider safety requirements with special importance given to mis-haps like â€Å"fall, struck by, caught between and electrical hazards† (CPWR, 2010), and etcetera. The plan focuses on guarding labor in vehicle traffic, providing secure working zone for cranes, maintaining a secure heavy-duty route, allowing safe carriage of construction material, diminishing noise exposure by correctly locating heavy machinery, checking carbon monoxide discharge, preventing risks of fire, maintaining sanitation and drinking water system for workers, and making emergency transport easily available. Hazards that are addressed are traffic security, floods, harsh weather irregularities, quakes, facility blackout, illness, electrical protection, material management, collisions, fire safety, and trapped in vulnerabilities while working on site. The major components of an emergency plan involve measures regarding personal injury; methods for repo rting construction disasters; policies and procedures for project evacuation; procedures for emergency escape; assignment of routes for escape like floor plans, maps and refuge areas; procedures for fire extinguishers; rescue plan; and, procedures to handle employees after

Is Mary the Theotokos?

Is Mary the Theotokos? Is Mary the Theotokos?  Does it matter? Without the Blessed Virgin Mary Christianity, would be meaningless. That Mary is Mother of God is rooted deeply in sacred scripture, and this Church doctrine has been confidently taught since the Council of Ephesus (A.D. 431), during which occurred a decisive intervention of the Churchs teaching authority on behalf of Marys divine motherhood and against the claims of Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople who stated that Mary did not give birth to God, but to an ordinary baby, called Christ, who was in some way connected to God. Consequently, Mary did not deserve to be called by the title of Theotokos, or God-bearer, but rather the meeker title of Christotokos, or bearer of Christ. To get an idea of what was happening at the time we need to take a brief look at why this controversy began and at what was being said. So, to begin, it was the primary concern of the Council of Nicaea to make it plain beyond all possibility of misunderstanding that Jesus of Nazareth, while personally distinct from the Father, is God in the fullest sense of the word. As the Creed states, God from God, Light from Light, true God from true God, consubstantial with the Father; it was the Churchs determination to maintain this doctrine of derived equality without deviating into either modalism or tritheism, that led her on the long intellectual pilgrimage whose goal was full understanding of that mutual interpenetration of the three divine Persons, through their union with the one divine Essence, which is denoted by the word perichoresis. Only when the divinity of the Son had been firmly established could the Church give her full attention to the fact that the Son, being God, had become man. But can there be in Christ an unconfused union of Godhead and manhood? This was the question which was to exercise the minds of theologians and throw the life of the Church into turmoil from Constantinople to Chalcedon. What the orthodox Fathers were striving to do, and what was ultimately achieved at Chalcedon, was to preserve the doctrine of unconfused Godhead and manhood of Christ against tendencies which strove, on the one hand, to unite the two terms at the cost of confusing them with each other and, on the other hand, to keep them distinct at the cost of separating them. This today may not seem to offer any special difficulty; that this is so is a sign of the triumph of Chalcedon in theological thought, but, in the fifth century it was a notion that could only be achieved at the cost of bitter controversy and schism. So, when the theologically unimaginative but critically active Nestorius became Patriarch of Constantinople everything was ready for an explosion, which came when Nestorius openly supported his chaplain Anastasius in denouncing the application to the Blessed Virgin Mary of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was an Antiochene in Christology, deeply influenced by the ideas of Theodore of Mopsuestia, and it was his clumsy, clumsily articulated elucidation of the inferences of the position of the Antiochenes that was to set light to the controversy. Quite early on Nestorius was called upon to pronounce on the suitability of Theotokos as a title of the Virgin Mary, and ruled that its correctness was doubtful unless Christotokos was added to balance it. But in getting himself around this issue Nestorius used uncontrolled language which was calculated to provoke those whose approach was different to his own. He argued that no human being could be Gods mother and no human being could give birth to God; Mary gave birth to a man not God, the instrument of divinity. God could not have been carried for nine months in a womans womb, or have been wrapped in baby-clothes, or have suffered, died and been buried. Behind the description of Mary as Theotokos, he professed to detect the Arian theory that Marys Son was human or the Apollinarian concept that the manhood was imperfect. These flare-ups of Nestorius were calculated to be confrontational. But they played into the hands of Cyril of Alexandria, Nestoriuss bitter rival. Cyril claimed to see in them as a resurgence of the theory of two sons which was rejected in the fourth century. Alarmed by this claim that Marys son was just a man, Eusebius, later to become Bishop of Dorylaeum, quickly concluded that Nestorius was trying to re-establish the adoptionism of Paul of Samosata. By exploiting this interpretation Cyril was able to secure Nestoriuss condemnation as a heretic at the Council of Ephesus in 431. Based on these judgements the traditional picture of Nestorianism as a heresy which split God/man into two distinct Persons rapidly formed itself. When Divine Scripture is about to tell of the birth of Christ from the Virgin Mary or [his] death, in no place does it appear that it puts God but either Christ or Son or Lord, because these three are indicative of the two natures, now of this and now of that, now of the one and now of the other. For example, when the Book relates unto us the birth from the Virgin, whom docs it say? God sent his Son. It says not that God sent God the Word, but it takes a name which indicates both the natures. Since the Son is man and God, it says that God sent his Son and he was born of a woman; and therein thou seest that the name is put which indicates both the natures. Thou callest [him] Son according to the birth from the blessed Virgin, for the Virgin Mother / of Christ bare the Son of God. But since the Son of God is twofold in natures, she bare not the Son of God but she bare the humanity, which is the Son because of the Son who is united thereto (Nestorius, 450 AD). The first chapter of St Johns Gospel tell us quite simply that the Word became flesh and dwelt among us. Two points need to be noticed. The first is that in Hebrew flesh and blood means not just the material part of a man in contrast with his soul, but human nature as a whole. The second is that St John does not say that the Word united flesh to himself, but that he became flesh. St Athanasius was fundamentally clear on this point. In general, however, he was quite content to think of the Incarnation as taking place through the union of human flesh to the divine Word. He took upon him our flesh, as Aaron did his robe, and assumed a body like ours, having Mary for the Mother of his body (Athanasius, 356/360). Nestorius himself never drew from his premises the conclusions which Cyril believed him to have drawn and which were drawn by some of his followers. Nor is it to be supposed that the outlook of Antiochene theology logically implied the Nestorian heresy. What is true, however, is that, while the pluralistic emphasis of Antioch made it perfectly easy to preserve the distinction of the humanity and the divinity in Christ, it made it very difficult to provide for their real union. Apollinarius had maintained the union by removing from Christs humanity one of its constituents, the rational soul, and inserting the divine Word (Logos) in its place. No Antiochene could tolerate such a mutilation; the humanity must remain entire and complete. But how then is this unity of divinity and humanity to be effected? If the humanity is complete we shall surely have a complete human individual and it will be this individual and not the divine Word (Logos) who will be the subject of Christs life. No wonder, then, the Alexandrian will reflect, that these Antiochenes refuse to call Mary theotokos; they cannot help believing that he whom she bore was not God but a man, even if God came to dwell in him after she had borne him. Whatever they may say, they believe in two Sons, one the Son of God and the other the son of Mary, however close the relation of the two may be. The clash between these points of view was fierce at first. Cyrils intervention was quick when he heard of Nestoriuss mockery of Theotokos, in refuting what he deemed gross heresy. The patriarchs exchanged some quite prickly letters without with neither of them making any significant headway. So, Pope Celestine was contacted by Cyril, who send him a dossier of extracts from Nestoriuss writings and from the declarations made on the Incarnation by the reverend fathers of past generations. Nestorius also wrote letters to Celestine and in his third he stated: I have learned that Cyril, the most distinguished bishop of the city of Alexandria, has become worried about reports against him that we received, and is now hunting for subterfuges to avoid a holy synod taking place due to these reports. In the meantime he is devising some other disturbances over terms and has chosen [as a point of controversy] the term Theotokos and Christotokos: the first he allows, but as for Christotokos, sometimes he removes it from the gospels, and sometimes he allows it, on the basis of what I believe is a kind of excessive prudence. In the case of the term Theotokos, I am not opposed to those who want to say it, unless it should advance to the confusion of natures in the manner of the madness of Apollinaris or Arius. Nonetheless, I have no doubt that the term Theotokos is inferior to the term Christotokos, as the latter is mentioned by the angels and the gospels. And if I were not speaking to Your Worship who is already so knowledgeable, I would need to give a very long discourse on this topic. But even without a discourse, it is known in every way to Your Beatitude, that if we should think that there are two groups opposed to each other, the one using only the term Theotokos, the other only Anthropotokos, and each group draws [others] to what it confesses or, if they have not accomplished this, puts [others] in danger of falling from the church, it would be necessary to assign someone to such an affair if it arises who exercises concern for both groups and heals the danger of both parties by means of the term taken from the gospels that signifies both natures. For as I said, the term Christotokos keeps the assertion of both parties to the proper limits, because it both removes the blasphemy of Paul of Samosata, who claimed that Christ the Lord of all was simply a human being, and also flees the wickedness of Arius and Apollinaris. Now I have written these very things to the most distinguished bishop of Alexandria, as Your Beatitude can tell from the copies I have attached to this letter of mine, as well as from the copies of what he wrote to us. Moreover, with Gods help it has also been agreed to announce a world-wide synod in order to inquire into the other ecclesiastical matters. For I do not think it will be difficult to investigate an uncertainty over words, and it is not a hindrance for a discussion of the divinity of Christ the Lord (Nestorius, 430) It did not take to long for Celestine to make a decision, and he called a synod in Rome in August 430 which decided against Nestorius and voted in favour of the title Theotokos. Nestorius was given a warning that, within ten days he would be treated as excommunicate unless, after receiving the notification, he retracted his teaching. The implementation of this ruling was given to Cyril and he characteristically carried out his task. He held a synod at Alexandria, afterwards sending a letter to Nestorius requiring him to subscribe to twelve anathemas. These anathemas, which were intentionally confrontational, summarise in terms which were uncompromising the Cyrilline Christology, some of which I reference here: If anyone does not confess that Emmanuel is God in truth, and therefore that the holy virgin is the mother of God (for she bore in a fleshly way the Word of God become flesh, let him be anathema. If anyone does not confess that the Word from God the Father has been united by hypostasis with the flesh and is one Christ with his own flesh, and is therefore God and man together, let him be anathema. If anyone divides in the one Christ the hypostases after the union, joining them only by a conjunction of dignity or authority or power, and not rather by a coming together in a union by nature, let him be anathema. If anyone distributes between the two persons or hypostases the expressions used either in the gospels or in the apostolic writings, whether they are used by the holy writers of Christ or by him about himself, and ascribes some to him as to a man, thought of separately from the Word from God, and others, as befitting God, to him as to the Word from God the Father, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that Christ was a God-bearing man and not rather God in truth, being by nature one Son, even as the Word became flesh, and is made partaker of blood and flesh precisely like us, let him be anathema. If anyone says that the Word from God the Father was the God or master of Christ, and does not rather confess the same both God and man, the Word having become flesh, according to the scriptures, let him be anathema. If anyone says that as man Jesus was activated by the Word of God and was clothed with the glory of the Only-begotten, as a being separate from him, let him be anathema. If anyone dares to say that the man who was assumed ought to be worshipped and glorified together with the divine Word and be called God along with him, while being separate from him, (for the addition of with must always compel us to think in this way), and will not rather worship Emmanuel with one veneration and send up to him one doxology, even as the Word became flesh, let him be anathema. (Alexandria, 430). This union of two natures in the one divine Person of Christ is called the hypostatic or personal union. It is the mystery of the Incarnation of God; it is also the mystery of the divine Motherhood of Mary. Cyril also said in this letter: Therefore, because the holy virgin bore in the flesh God who was united hypostatically with the flesh, for that reason we call her mother of God, not as though the nature of the Word had the beginning of its existence from the flesh (for the Word was in the beginning and the Word was God and the Word was with God, and he made the ages and is coeternal with the Father and craftsman of all things), but because, as we have said, he united to himself hypostatically the human and underwent a birth according to the flesh from her womb. This was not as though he needed necessarily or for his own nature a birth in time and in the last times of this age, but in order that he might bless the beginning of our existence, in order that seeing that it was a woman that had given birth to him united to the flesh, the curse against the whole race should thereafter cease which was consigning all our earthy bodies to death, and in order that the removal through him of the curse, In sorrow thou shalt br ing forth children, should demonstrate the truth of the words of the prophet: Strong death swallowed them Up, and again, God has wiped every tear away from all face. It is for this cause that we say that in his economy he blessed marriage and, when invited, went down to Cana in Galilee with his holy apostles (Alexandria, 430). A letter was issued by Theodosius summoning a general council to meet at Ephesus at Pentecost 431, with an astonishing medley of rival meetings taking place before the event. Recognised as the Third General Council Ephesus was effective in that Nestorius was never rehabilitated, dying in exile in 451. Its more positive achievement was to canonize the Nicene creed as establishing orthodoxy. In the two years following Ephesus strenuous efforts were made to heal the divisions in the Church. The instrument of agreement, known as the Formula of Reunion, was contained in a letter sent by John of Antioch to Cyril, it ran as follows: We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the only begotten Son of God, perfect God and perfect man composed of a rational soul and body, begotten before the ages from the Father in respect of His divinity, but likewise in these last days for us and our salvation from the Virgin Mary in respect of His manhood, consubstantial with the Father in respect of His divinity and at the same time consubstantial with us in respect of His manhood. For the union(henosis) of two natures has been accomplished. Hence we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. In virtue of this conception of a union without confusion we confess the holy Virgin as Theotokos because the divine Word became flesh and was made man and from the very conception united to Himself the temple taken from her. As for the evangelical and apostolic statements about the Lord, we recognise that theologians employ some indifferently in view of the unity of person but distinguish others in view of the duality of natures, applying the God-befitting ones to Christs divinity and the humble ones to His humanity (Antioch, 433). Cyril greeted this formulary with enthusiasm in his letter to John Laetentur coeli. Which was read out at the Council of Chalcedon, part of which I now cite: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦We confess, therefore, our Lord Jesus Christ, the Only Begotten Son of God, perfect God, and perfect Man of a reasonable soul and flesh consisting; begotten before the ages of the Father according to his Divinity, and in the last days, for us and for our salvation, of Mary the Virgin according to his humanity, of the same substance with his Father according to his Divinity, and of the same substance with us according to his humanity; for there became a union of two natures. Wherefore we confess one Christ, one Son, one Lord. According to this understanding of this unmixed union, we confess the holy Virgin to be Mother of God; because God the Word was incarnate and became Man, and from this conception he united the temple taken from her with himselfà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ (Chalcedon, 451). After these early great councils of the Church feasts to The Blessed Virgin increased, lots of churches were dedicated to her and in the latter part of the seventh century four new feasts to Mary had started to be celebrated; the Annunciation, the Assumption, the Purification, and the Nativity of The Blessed Virgin Mary. With Pius IX promulgation of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 devotion to our Blessed Lady accelerated, and many appearances of the Blessed Virgin took place. And also at this time many Marian customs grew which included Maytime processions, the wearing of the Miraculous Medal and the Rosary. 1962 saw a major change which happened with Vatican II grounding more firmly in Scripture and liturgy devotion to Mary placing The Blessed Virgin securely in the mystery of the Church. The truth of the Blessed Virgin Marys divine Motherhood and its corresponding dignity are found in these words of the Second Vatican Council: The Virgin Mary, who at the message of the angel received the Word of God in her heart and in her body and gave Life to the world, is acknowledged and honoured as being truly the Mother of God and Mother of the Redeemer. Redeemed by reason of the merits of her Son and united to Him by a close and indissoluble tie, she is endowed with the high office and dignity of being the Mother of the Son of God, by which account she is also the beloved daughter of the Father and the temple of the Holy Spirit. Because of this gift of sublime grace, she far surpasses all creatures, both in heaven and on earth. At the same time, however, because she belongs to the offspring of Adam she is one with all those who are to be saved (Lumen Gentium, 53). The mark of our Blessed Ladys holiness is that she was filled with the grace of God. The Blessed Virgin is the pattern to follow. Giving herself completely with love she was filled with the life of God. Marys Yes to the angels message reveals her part in the work of salvation. And the Angel said: Fear not, Maryà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ the Holy Spirit shall come upon you, and the power of the most High shall overshadow you, and therefore the Holy which shall be born of you shall be called the Son of God (Luke 1:26-35). These are the words of the great mystery of Marys divine motherhood heralded by the angel in Lukes Gospel, their straightforwardness is persuasive as they announce the origin of our religion. In the beginning, they inspired triumphant faith, the faith of the martyrs and the Saints. The faith which will continue to inspire all Christians to the end of time.

Apollinarius and His Teachings Essay -- Religion History

Apollinarianism is the heresy, which denied the completeness of Christ’s humanity named after Apollinarius of Laodicea born circa 312 –315 who became a bishop of Laodicea in 360. Originally, a supporter of orthodoxy against the Arians, his Christological teaching becomes a heresy among scholars, at a synod in Rome in 374-80 and by the Council of Constantinople in 381. The Christology of Apollinarius is summarised as, one hypostasis, one physis, one prosopon and one energia (activity). The intention of this essay is to examine the background of Apollinarius and his teachings. It will also look at his main opponents Gregory of Nazianzus and Gregory of Nyssa. Background: Apollinarius of Laodicea is the last of the great extraordinary thinkers of his time influenced by Hellenic position. Apollinarius was a man of great learning influenced by his father a grammarian also called Apollinarius. His father left his hometown and settled at Berytus as a schoolmaster, and later had moved to Laodicea. Apollinarius formed friendships with influential figures in early church society such as Epiphanius. If Apollinarius was not born in the faith then he had been a Christian for many years. He was then ordained priest at Laodicea. He was familiar with classical literature and wanted his son Apollinarius born between 312 and 315 to have a good education. Not much is known about the life of his son Apollinarius of Laodicea he was enthusiastic to the formulation of the Nicene faith and was left to develop his theological theories, during his life time he made many works which have now perished. The works, which are available to us, are heretical and are just a small proportion of his entire works. Later this city became his Episcopal ... ...t recurring argument against his Christology. â€Å"It was man’s rational soul, with its power of choice, which was the seat of sin†; if the word is un-united with a human rational soul then the salvation of mankind is not achieved. Works Cited Dà ¼nzl Franz, A Brief History of the Doctrine of the Trinity in the Early Church, 2007, London. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part one, 1987, Oxford. Grillmeier Aloys, Christ in Christian Tradition, Volume 2, Part two, 1987, Oxford. Kelly J. N. D., Early Christian Doctrines, 2008, London. Raven Charles E., Apollinarianism, 1923, Cambridge. Sellers R. V., Two Ancient Christologies, 1940, London Stevenson J., Creeds, Councils and Controversies, 1989, London. Norris R. A. Jr., The Christological Controversy, 1980, Oxford. Addis & Arnold, Catholic Dictionary, 1951, London.